Carbon Footprint Reduction in Building Operation and Maintenance through Digitalization

Amir Faraji¹ Hannan Abagheri Mahabadi² Shima Homayoon Arya³

1) Associate Professor, Construction Project Management Department, Faculty of Architecture, Khatam University, Tehran 1991633357, Iran. Email:
2) PhD candidate, Construction Project Management Department, Faculty of Architecture, Khatam University, Tehran 1991633357, Iran. Email:
3) Assistant Professor, Construction Project Management Department, Faculty of Architecture, Khatam University, Tehran 1991633357, Iran. Email:

IOI Code : AAAB-AAHCFA
Publication : 2nd International Congress on Engineering Sciences and Sustainable Urban Development(dtuconf.com)
Abstract :
    The construction sector significantly contributes to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, with buildings accounting for a substantial share of worldwide energy consumption and carbon emissions over their entire life cycle. Although sustainability conversations frequently highlight design and construction aspects, the operation and maintenance (O&M) phase is the longest and most carbon-heavy, yet it often garners considerably less focus. This study examines how technology, by combining digital tools, sustainable practices, and efficient regulations, can reduce emissions during building operations. The study highlights barriers like high upfront costs, low awareness, and lax enforcement while also highlighting areas for innovation, drawing on literature, policies, and case studies. Internet of Things (IoT) monitoring, Digital Twins (DTs), AI-based analytics, and Building Information Modeling (BIM) are examples of digital solutions that have the potential to reduce energy consumption and facilitate better decision-making. The concept of Construction 5.0 adds another layer by combining human expertise with robotics and automation to improve efficiency, safety, and environmental performance. Certification systems including LEED, BREEAM, and ISO standards offer useful guidance but need to be more closely aligned with real-time monitoring and circular economy principles. The paper concludes that reaching net-zero in the built environment requires a whole-life-cycle approach, proactive O&M strategies, and faster adoption of digital innovation. With the right balance of technology and policy, the sector can move toward a low-carbon future while also improving resilience, efficiency, and quality of life for occupants.

Keywords : decarbonization operation and maintenance building life cycle energy efficiency construction 5 0