International Liability for Damage Caused by Space Debris

MAHSHID YARAGHI ESFAHANI¹ PARINAZ ASADI²

1) Assistant Professor of International Law, Department of International law Law, Faculty of Law and Theology, Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Isfahan, Iran.
2) LLM Student of International Law, Department of Law, Faculty of Law, Shahid Ashrafi Esfahani University, Isfahan, Iran._

IOI Code : AZGC-AABFBH
Publication : 1St International conference on new horizons in management,business, economics and humanities(icmbe.com)
Abstract :
    Outer space, as the common heritage of humanity, faces serious threats from space debris that jeopardize future exploration. This pollution includes radioactive emissions from space equipment and, even in the absence of new launches, debris continues to spread due to the impact cascade proposed by Donald J. Kessler in 1978. This phenomenon, due to the high density of objects in low Earth orbit, increases the likelihood of further collisions with increasing collisions, leading to an increase in space debris. Space activities, starting with the launch of Sputnik 1 in 1957, have led to an unprecedented increase in debris in Earth orbit. Although international treaties and regulations have been adopted to manage this crisis, such as those proposed by Luboš Perek in the 1970s, the lack of cooperation among governments in their implementation has exacerbated the problem. To address this challenge, governments need to show greater responsibility for space pollution and consider measures such as strengthening environmental management, adopting additional protocols, and developing new concepts. The principle of good faith and international cooperation can have a significant impact on reducing space pollution.

Keywords : international law outer space state responsibility space debris space environment