The role of ZNF516 gene in the adaptation of Iranian Bactrian camels to the cold altitudes of Sabalan mountain

Nemat hedayat¹ Reza khalkhali²

1) associate professor of university of mohaghegh ardabili
2) postdoc student of of university of mohaghegh ardabili

IOI Code : XDHF-HCEDF
Publication : Conservation of Natural Resources & Environment(envprouma.ir/3rd)
Abstract :
    Iranian Bactrian camels are one of the endangered species. This valuable species is most likely the origin of domestic camels in other parts of the world, and their extinction can destroy one of the most valuable gene pools of this species in the world. In this study, to identify the genomic regions that are involved in the adaptation of Iranian Bactrian camels to the high and cold areas of Sablan mountain, the method of identifying selection signatures was used. For this purpose, the whole genome sequencing data of 10 samples of Iranian camels and 10 Chinese camel samples (as a reference population) were used. To identify selection signatures in Iranian camels, two methods including Fst and XP-EHH were used. Identified genomic regions both methods, were considered as possible selection signatures for Iranian camel. After identifying the mentioned regions, annotation of these regions was done to find the genes located in them. The results of the annotation of 104 genomic regions identified by the two mentioned methods showed that 28 genes are located in these regions. These genes were introduced as selection signatures for the Iranian Bactrian camels. One of the most important genes in this list was the ZNF516 gene. This gene as a cold-inducible factor activates UCP1 transcription to promote the browning of white fat and the development of brown fat. Since brown adipose tissue acts as a thermal regulator and heat generator for the body upon cold exposure, the positive selection of gene involved in the development of this tissue can be vital for Iranian Bactrian camels on the way to adapting to the high altitude and cold condition of Sabalan mountain. In fact, selection signatures are genomic regions that have been positively selected during the evolution process, for organisms to get used to their living environment. Such studies and the use of genomic data can help us understand the genetic characteristics of Iranian Bactrian camels. Studying an endangered species is the first step in designing conservation and breeding programs. Therefore, the continuation of these studies can provide researchers with valuable information to help preserve this valuable animal species.

Keywords : bactrian camel selection signature genome znf516 gene