The Role of Hardiness, Psychological Capital and Life Satisfaction in Predicting the Spiritual Well-being of the Elderly

Farzin Bagheri Sheykhangafshe¹ Fereshteh Rezazadeh Khalkhali² Hojjatollah Farahani³ Forough Esrafilian⁴

1) Ph.D. Student in Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2) Master of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
3) Assistant Professor of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
4) Assistant Professor of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran

IOI Code : XEAC-KEZFE
Publication : 1st International Conference and 2nd National Conference on Psychology and Religion(cpruma.ir)
Abstract :
    Introduction: Spiritual well-being in the elderly is an important aspect of their health and well-being, focusing on establishing spiritual connections, enhancing positive emotions, developing a relationship with spirituality, and improving their quality of life. This form of well-being not only considers the physical aspects of elderly individuals health but also addresses their social and psychological dimensions. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the role of hardiness, psychological capital, and life satisfaction in predicting the spiritual well-being of the elderly. Method: The research design was descriptive and correlational. The study population included elderly individuals in Tehran in the year 2023. In this study, 280 elderly men and women participated. To collect data, questionnaires on spiritual well-being, hardiness, psychological capital, and life satisfaction were utilized. The gathered data were analyzed using Pearson correlation tests and multiple regression analysis in SPSS-24 software. Results: The results indicated that hardiness, psychological capital, and life satisfaction have a positive and significant correlation with the spiritual well-being of the elderly. Regression results demonstrated that hardiness, psychological capital, and life satisfaction could significantly predict 71% of the variance in the spiritual well-being of the elderly (p<0.001). Conclusion: In general, this study shows that hardiness, psychological capital, and life satisfaction are positively and significantly correlated with the spiritual well-being of the elderly. These findings suggest that enhancing hardiness, strengthening psychological capital, and increasing life satisfaction can contribute to improving the spiritual well-being of the elderly. These results can be applied in designing programs and support services for the elderly community.

Keywords : spiritual well being hardiness psychological capital life satisfaction elderly