A REVIEW OF SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT OF SMART MATERIALS: THAT EXCHANGE ENERGY

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1) Ankara turkey Gazi university PhD architect

Publication : 8th International Conference on Applied Researches in Science & Engineering (8carse.com)
Abstract :
Developments in building materials have been achieved with the aim of providing different functions, increasing comfort, and providing solutions to economic and ecological problems. In addition to traditional materials, building materials have diversified with the use of composite materials and sustainable/modern materials. The concept of smart material is defined as the ability to perceive and react to environmental stimuli. From an architectural perspective, smart materials respond to environmental stimuli by adapting to environmental conditions. With this approach, it includes building elements or components designed using smart materials. When a particular material is in energy balance with its environment, it is in equilibrium without any exchange of energy. Energy exchange occurs when the material has a different energy state. A potential emerges that leads to energy exchange. All energy-exchanging materials contain atomic energy levels. The input energy raises the level, while the output energy returns the level to the ground state. All materials, traditional and smart, need to save energy, and therefore, with the input or addition of energy, the energy level of the material increases. The increase in energy usually occurs by increasing the internal energy of the material as heat. Smart materials that exchange energy have the ability to recover internal energy in a more useful way. These materials can often convert energy into a different output energy, such as electricity or light, rather than heat. Smart materials that exchange energy are divided into three different categories: light-emitting, electricity-generating, and energy-storing materials. Light-emitting smart materials refer to materials or products in which molecules are excited by the effect of energy and are temporarily at high energy levels. These materials have the ability to emit light, for example, under the influence of light or an electric field. This process occurs when the energy levels of molecules temporarily increase and then separate. Some of the absorbed energy is emitted as visible electromagnetic radiation. This optical emission phenomenon is called luminescence. Light-emitting smart materials can be differentiated according to their trigger stimuli: photoluminescence and electroluminescence. Due to their high efficiency, these materials are preferred in the field of architecture today. Electricity-generating smart materials refer to materials and products that can generate electrical current in conjunction with a consumer in response to stimuli such as light, temperature or pressure. These materials may differ depending on the triggering stimuli. Energy-storing smart materials include materials and products that can store latent forms of energy, such as light, heat, electricity, or hydrogen, and have some degree of reversibility. These materials can be separated depending on the triggering stimuli. Smart materials that store heat are preferred in the field of architecture today.
Keywords : Energy efficiency Building physics Smart Materials Exchange Energy Materials.