Development of the Theories of Cultural Heritage Conservation in Europe: A Survey of 19th And 20th Century Theories

Jafar Rouhi¹

1) PhD Student at University of Naples Federico II, Italy

IOI Code : XYEA-AKEKB
Publication : The 4th International Congress On Civil Engineering, Architecture & Urban Development(4icsau.ir)
Abstract :
    The aim of this study is to pursue the history and development of leading national European theories briefly in respect to ancient buildings, the cross maturation of these mindsets, and their contribution towards initial movements and current fertility of international approach in the treatment of historic monuments and sites. The general development of the concept is accompanied by a critical selection of the most significant theories and their relationship with current practice in the relevant cultural heritage context. The study intents to give a general consciousness about the process of the development of traditional approach to the treatment of medieval structures which first was particularly proposed as ‘restoration movement’ in the nineteenth century (Sir George Gilbert Scott, Eugène Emmanuel Viollet-le-Duc, etc.), the ‘anti-restoration movement’ or ‘conservation movement’ emphasizing the material authenticity and documentary value of the monuments (John Ruskin , William Morris, Camillo Boito, etc.), and the modern conservation theory which was based on a critical historical restoration of the work of art in its aesthetic, historical and use values (Alois Riegl , Cesare Brandi, etc.), and is reflected in the international level.

Keywords : theories restoration movement anti restoration movement critical restoration movement