Zero-Carbon Architecture Strategies: Vernacular Insights in Iranian Hot Arid Climate

Mobina Savarani¹ Seyedeh Zahra Khalkhali²

1) Bachelor s Student in Architecture, Islamic Azad University, Qom Branch, Qom, Iran,
2) Master of Architecture, Khatam University, Tehran, Iran,

IOI Code : ABKD-ABHFBE
Publication : Fourth International Conference on applied researches in civil engineering, architecture and urban planning (icarcau.com)
Abstract :
    Buildings account for a significant share of global energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, making the transition to zero-carbon architecture a key strategy for mitigating climate change. Although recent technological advancements have improved building energy performance, many contemporary zero-carbon solutions remain dependent on advanced technologies and mechanical systems. In contrast, vernacular architecture embodies climate-responsive design principles that have evolved through long-term adaptation to local environmental conditions, achieving thermal comfort with minimal energy use. The hot-arid regions of Iran provide outstanding examples of passive environmental design, where features such as courtyards, wind catchers, thick earthen walls, domed roofs, underground spaces, and compact urban forms have historically enhanced indoor comfort while reducing cooling demands. This study aims to examine how the environmental principles of Iranian vernacular architecture can inform contemporary zero-carbon architectural strategies for hot-arid climates. Specifically, it identifies key passive design strategies, evaluates their relevance to current zero-carbon building principles, and proposes a conceptual framework for integrating traditional knowledge into sustainable architectural practice. This research employs a descriptive methodology based on library research. The findings reveal that many traditional architectural solutions are closely aligned with modern zero-carbon principles, where passive strategies -such as natural ventilation, thermal mass, solar control, and compact urban morphology- effectively reduce energy demand. The study concludes that integrating vernacular environmental knowledge with modern construction technologies and renewable energy systems provides a practical pathway toward resilient, context-sensitive, and zero-carbon architecture in Iran’s hot-arid regions, supporting broader sustainability and climate mitigation goals.

Keywords : zero carbon architecture vernacular architecture passive design hot arid climate