A Comparative Analytical Study on Psychological Concepts of “the Id, the Ego and the Super Ego” With the Concept of ‘Soul and Its Levels” Based on Islamic Approaches “Philosophical, Mystical and Interpretive”

Zahra Alimoradi¹ Hosein Hashemnejad² Ja’far Golmohammadi³

1) Ph.D. from Faculty of Education and Islamic Thought, University of Tehran,
2) Professor Assistant at University of Tehran, Faculty of Education and Islamic Thought,
3) Professor Assistant at University of Tehran, Faculty of Education and Islamic Thought,

IOI Code : XDFZ-FDHAB
Publication : Psychotherapy(psthir.ir)
Abstract :
    The purpose of this study is to make an analytical comparison between the concepts of “the Id, the Ego and the Super Ego” in psychoanalysis and “levels of the soul” in Islamic teachings with the “method of qualitative analysis of texts” and the observance of “rules and criteria of interpretation” and It is an interdisciplinary approach. One of the results of this research is the study of a conceptual model for the levels of the soul based on philosophical, mystical and interpretive approaches and its comparison with the threefold structure of personality in psychoanalysis. It can also provide a paradigm for a better understanding of the psychological concept of Psychic Apparatus: The soul and the “revealed soul or nafs mulhama” can be considered as two areas of the “soul” with the “the Id”, the “wise soul or snafs ‘aqila” with “the Ego” and the “nafs lawwama or soul of the merciful and the evil” is equivalent with “the Super ego”. In psychoanalysis, there is no conceivable correspondence for the “levels of self-confidence, one whom God is pleased with, and satisfied” due to the differences in the anthropological foundations.

Keywords : islamic psychology psychic apparatus psychoanalysis evolution of the soul mulla sadra