Explanation of the factors affecting the architectural characteristics of cross house and the central courtyard in the hot and dry climate of Iran (Case studies: the Borujerdi and the Ganji houses)

Ali Mashhadi¹ Aila Sinaei²

1) Faculty member of Tehran University of Science and Culture
2) Master of Architecture, Art & Architecture Faculty, Tehran University of Science and Culture

IOI Code : XECZ-HDEEZ
Publication : 2nd.International Conference on Architecture, Civil Engineering, Urban Development, Environment and Horizons of Islamic Art in the Second Step Statement of the Revolution(2icacu.ir)
Abstract :
    Home is one of the key places that every person walks in since birth. The quality of home spaces is influenced by various factors. These factors sometimes have a direct or indirect effect on the architectural features of the house. The direction of the house, the materials used, the decorations used, the geometry, the scale, and the lighting are among these indicators, the quality of which plays an important role in the effective relationship between a person and his home. This article seeks to explain the impact of effective factors such as cultural, climatic, and economic factors on the architectural characteristics of houses in hot and dry climates. The type of research is applied and the collection of materials is by library method and field visit. Meanwhile, in order to analyze the effect of various factors on architectural features, two different forms were chosen in this climate. The form of the central courtyard, which is exemplified in the Boroujerdi house in Kashan, and the cross (four-sided) form, which is the house of Ganji Zavareh, is a prominent example. By analyzing the architectural documents and analyzing the access graph of each house, it can be concluded that in both forms, in addition to privacy, climatic comfort has been considered as the most important factor affecting the architectural characteristics. For this reason, they used different techniques to achieve this goal, and these techniques used different solutions according to the context and form of the building.

Keywords : architecture features central courtyard form cross form hot and dry climate