Development of Biodegradable Packaging Films Embedded with Microencapsulated Nanosensors Responsive to Spoilage Gases (e.g., Volatile Amines) with Dynamic Color Change

behzadbeizaei¹ morteza jamshid eini² somayeh rahimi malekshan³ kaveh kheir khah⁴

Abstract :
The convergence of biodegradable polymer technology with nanoscale sensing architectures presents a disruptive paradigm in active and intelligent food packaging, enabling real-time spoilage detection through molecularly selective gas-sensing mechanisms. This study reports the fabrication and functional optimization of poly(lactic acid)–starch composite films embedded with microencapsulated nanosensors capable of chemoselective recognition of volatile amines—principal spoilage metabolites in proteinaceous food matrices—via dynamic chromophoric transitions. The nanosensors were engineered through coacervation-based microencapsulation of halochromic dye–functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs), further surface-modified with organosilane linkers to enhance dispersion stability and interfacial compatibility within the biopolymeric matrix. The encapsulation system was specifically tuned to yield pH-sensitive chromophore release upon amine adsorption-induced alkalization, facilitating optical signaling in the visible spectrum. Fabrication of the films was accomplished via solvent casting under controlled humidity and temperature to preserve the microcapsule structural integrity and ensure homogeneous spatial distribution. The physicochemical and morphological properties of the films were characterized through Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Thermal stability was evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), while mechanical performance was assessed via tensile testing according to ASTM D882 standards. Gas–film interaction kinetics were quantitatively examined by exposing films to controlled atmospheres containing 0–200 ppm of trimethylamine and dimethylamine at 4 ± 1 °C, with spectral data captured by UV–Vis reflectance spectroscopy and quantified using CIELab colorimetric parameters (ΔE*, a*, b*). The microencapsulation approach exhibited a mean encapsulation efficiency of 87.4 ± 2.1%, with responsive chromatic shifts occurring within 4.2 ± 0.3 minutes post-exposure to ≥50 ppm volatile amines. Colorimetric response intensity demonstrated a logarithmic correlation (R² > 0.98) with amine concentration, indicating robust quantitative sensing capability. Furthermore, in situ application tests on chilled fresh fish fillets confirmed that the films exhibited early spoilage detection up to 36 hours prior to olfactory recognition, correlating with microbial total viable counts exceeding 7 log CFU/g. The biodegradable nature of the composite matrix achieved complete degradation (≥95%) within 60 days under controlled composting conditions, underscoring its environmental compatibility. These findings substantiate the potential of microencapsulated nanosensor-integrated biodegradable films as next-generation intelligent packaging systems, enabling proactive spoilage monitoring and extending the operational capacity of cold-chain logistics.

Keywords : biodegradable nanosensor microencapsulation volatile amines dynamic color change smart packaging

---

زبان مقاله : انگلیسی
محور مقاله : صنایع غذایی
محل انتشار : نهمین کنفرانس بین المللی پژوهش های کاربردی در علوم و مهندسی
آدرس وب سایت کنفرانس : carseconf.com/9th
کد IOI مقاله : AAGF-AAFFZH
لینک مستقیم مقاله : https://isnac.ir/AAGF-AAFFZH
نمایش چکیده فارسی : https://isnac.ir/SA/AAGF-AAFFZH

سایر مقالات ارائه دهنده

1. مدل سازی هوشمند انتقال و رفتار مواد دانه ای در ماشین آلات صنایع غذایی با استفاده از شبیه سازی چند مقیاسی و یادگیری عمیق: از دیجیتال توین تا بهینه سازی بلادرنگ فرآیند
2. توسعه ساختارهای چندلایه میکرو و نانوکپسول و ارزیابی رفتار نفوذ و رهایش بر اساس تحلیل داده های تجربی و شبیه سازی پیشرفته با شبکه های عصبی کانولوشنی (CNN) برای مکمل های غذایی و نوشیدنی های عملکردی
3. Electrospun Smart Packaging with Controlled Release of Dual-Function Active Agents for Shelf Life Extension of Perishable Foods
4. Meta-Structured Electrospun Nanocomposites with Multi-Modal Sensing and Stimuli-Responsive Preservative Release
5. Development of Biodegradable Packaging Films Embedded with Microencapsulated Nanosensors Responsive to Spoilage Gases (e.g., Volatile Amines) with Dynamic Color Change
6. Design of DNA Origami-Based Biosensors for Ultra-Low Concentration Detection of Specific Pathogens in Meat Products
7. Synergistic Effects of Pulsed Electric Field (PEF) and Ultrasound (US) Treatments on the Molecular Structure and Bioactivity of Phenolic and Flavonoid Compounds in Fresh Leafy Vegetables
8. Integrated Impact of Hydrolytic Enzymes and Dietary Fibers on Dough Rheology, Nutritional Enhancement, and Physicochemical and Sensory Attributes of Bread Formulated with Modified Wheat Flour
9. Whole Genome Sequencing and Multi-Omics Analysis of Native Enterococcus faecium for Enhanced Stress Tolerance
10. Regulatory Network Dissection and Engineering of EPS Biosynthesis for Enhanced Biofilm and Functional Food Matrix Stability

سایر مقالات محل انتشار

1. بیو مواد مورد استفاده در مهندسی بافت قرنیه
2. تأثیر درصد میکروسیلیس بر خواص کششی بتن‌های پرمقاومت با سنگدانه‌های سیلیسی
3. بهینه‌سازی طرح درمان ارتودنسی با کمک سیستم‌های هوشمند مبتنی بر هوش مصنوعی و یادگیری ماشین
4. تحلیل چندمعیاره ریسک پسا زلزله در شهر قم با رویکرد تاب‌آوری و مدیریت بحران
5. A Comprehensive Review of the Relationship Between Stressful Residential Environments and Sleep Disorders
6. مدل سازی هوشمند انتقال و رفتار مواد دانه ای در ماشین آلات صنایع غذایی با استفاده از شبیه سازی چند مقیاسی و یادگیری عمیق: از دیجیتال توین تا بهینه سازی بلادرنگ فرآیند
7. جاذب ارتعاشات تیر یکسرگیردار با استفاده از وصله های پیزوالکتریک
8. Analysis and Optimization of Power Systems in Electrical Distribution Networks Using Artificial Intelligence Algorithms
9. بررسی مقایسه ای عملکرد روش فوتودینامیک تراپی و فوتوترمال تراپی در درمان سرطان روده
10. From the laboratory to orbit: A review of modern aerospace and the role of students in the connection of science and industry
11. (طراحی معماری بیوفیلیک با بهره‌گیری از مصالح بومی برای اقلیم‌های گرم و خشک و گرم و مرطوب ایران)
12. Design and synthesis of new derivatives with anticancer activity
13. طراحی و پیاده‌سازی مچ‌بندسلامت مبتنی بر PPG برای پایش HR، SpO2، و کالری با نمایش آنلاین داده‌ها
14. Electrospun Smart Packaging with Controlled Release of Dual-Function Active Agents for Shelf Life Extension of Perishable Foods
15. Meta-Structured Electrospun Nanocomposites with Multi-Modal Sensing and Stimuli-Responsive Preservative Release